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Charlotte Mason in Modern English

Charlotte Mason's ideas are too important not to be understood and implemented in the 21st century, but her Victorian style of writing sometimes prevents parents from attempting to read her books. This is an imperfect attempt to make Charlotte's words accessible to modern parents. You may read these, print them out, share them freely--but they are copyrighted to me, so please don't post or publish them without asking.
~L. N. Laurio


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PART III - The House of Heart

Lords Of The Heart: I. Love

Chapter 1 - The Ways Of Love

The Lords of the House of Heart

Every Mansoul is born into the world, not just with Rulers in his House of Mind, but also Rulers in his House of Heart. Their job is to bring him happiness. Nobody can be happy all by himself, therefore, their job includes helping him to bring joy to others. The two Lords of the House of Heart are Love and Justice.

Love

Like any king, Love has his own Lords in Waiting. They are sympathy, good will, empathy, thoughtfulness, magnanimity, thankfulness, bravery, faithfulness, modesty, and cheerfulness. Have you ever thrown a stone into the water and watched the circles it makes ripple outward? They spread all the way to the shores, and affect even the land on the farthest side. The most distant ripples become so faint that they're barely noticeable, but the ones closest to the stone are easy to see. That's the way our love is.

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Our home is the center, where our love begins. From there, our love widens until it includes everyone. Nobody except Jesus ever knew how much he could love, or how much he could do for love. But the soldier who risks his life where the fighting is the hardest to rescue his friend, or the mother who tends to her sick child and wishes she could give her own life to make him feel better, or the nurse who sacrifices her body and soul to help sick people -- these people have a taste of how much love there is in a human heart.

False Loves - Self-Love

There are lots of imitation loves going around, ready to take control of the House of Heart and usurping the rightful lord. We know what it's like to be demanding, selfish, and jealous with the people we love most, even our own mothers, and call it love. And it is love, but it's Self-love, the crudest, lowest kind of love there is. Yet it has its place and is necessary and proper to make sure we take care of our own lives, things and interests. If we didn't have Self-love, we'd become a burden and a bother to others. But too much isn't good. A person who only loves himself and thinks only (or mostly) of his own interests, pleasures and gain is called a selfish person. His mind is so preoccupied with his own feelings and matters that he doesn't have time to think about anyone else. He doesn't give much love, and he doesn't deserve to get much in return. But, sad to say, there's often a mother, sister, wife or a friend who showers great love on him, and endures a lot of hurt because of him. It's comforting to know that, in these cases, it's the one who loves who's happier, not

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the one who receives love and gives no love back. The person who loves, lives in the kingdom of God every day, but the person on the receiving end doesn't. One kind of selfishness isn't as easy to spot as the person who only thinks about his own fun and comfort. It's the person who selfishly makes demands all the time on those who love him. He wants their time, their thoughts, all of their attention, and always insists that they be with him. If he doesn't get the attention and affection he demands, then he gets irritable, offended and jealous. He imagines that he acts this way because he loves his friend so much. But the truth is, he loves himself so much that nobody, whether it be his mother or a friend, can meet his standard for the love and consideration that he thinks he deserves.

Philandering

Another false love likes to kiss and hug and touch and always be with the person he loves at the moment. Kissing and hugging are appropriate ways to express true love in the right time and place, but they don't constitute love by themselves. They aren't even always necessary in love. But some people spend their whole lives philandering, first in love with one person, then another. They're really indulging their lust, not real love. Lust can't survive on the signs of real love.

Love is a pearl of great price hidden within every heart. But, since so many people pass off counterfeits to themselves and their friends, it's a good idea to learn to recognize real love when we see it, or when we think we feel it.

Real Love Delights in the Other Person's Goodness

Love delights in the person it loves. It's natural for humans to delight in what's good. The

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hearts of even the most savage and degraded people have been won over this way. They've watched lives of goodness, unselfishness and beauty lived in front of them day in and day out, and those lives have drawn them because it's part of their nature to be drawn to goodness. Finally, they've given the love and reverence in their own hearts to the person whose goodness brought them so much joy. It isn't just that the person was good to them. In some cases, they never had a personal word or even a look. But someone was watching them, thinking, and finally loved them back. Maybe some day we'll know the full stories of all of the heroic soldiers and missionaries,  the saints, who did good things simply because they themselves were good. Right now, we only know about a few--St. Francis of Assisi, Elizabeth Fry, General Charles George Gordon. Any time we hear that someone has been raised from a degraded life to civility, whether they're from a civilized country or a third-world country, we can be sure that it's because they saw somebody living a holy life in front of them. More than anything else, Love delights in the goodness of the person it loves. It would never for any price make its beloved be less loving to everyone, less dutiful, or less useful in service to others. Influencing his friend to do something unworthy would seem to Love like burning his house down around his head.

Love Seeks the Happiness of his Friend

Love always wants the one he loves to be happy. He would never make his friend uneasy by being annoyed, sullen, jealous or distrustful.

Love Seeks to Be Worthy

Love tries to be worthy of the person he loves. In the same way that his friend's goodness brings him joy, he himself will try to be a better person to make his friend happy.

Love Wants to Serve

Again, Love wants to

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give and serve. The specific gifts and service will depend on the age and position of the friends. A child's gift might be obedience. A parent's gift might be a wise rebuke. In both cases, Love makes it a priority to offer service. The Apostle says, 'Don't love in word or tongue, but in deeds and truth. That might be phrased, 'Don't be content to merely express love in words or hugs, but show your love by serving and trusting.' Any Love that doesn't trust is either misplaced, or unworthy. There are other signs of love, but these signs are evident in all true love, whether it's between a parent and child, two friends, married lovers, or those who work to ease the suffering of the degraded and distressed, and those they help. Notice the word 'degraded.' It means literally, 'to step down.' It's really a hopeful word because, if it's possible to step down, then it's possible to step back up again, too. Every heart has all the great possibilities of Love. To touch that potential in another heart, one has to give Love from their own heart.

Animosity

But in every Mansoul, both ours and everyone else's, there are opposing possibilities. We're calling those opposing qualities demons of the possibility. We're all capable of being warm and friendly, and liking and loving other people. We're all also capable of being distant, hostile, disliking and even hating others. Why? There's a hint in the old joke from Punch magazine: 'He's a stranger, let's throw a brick at him!' We often dislike people because we don't know them. The best way to get over that is to think about the person and try to imagine things from their point of view. If we do that, we'll find things about that person to kindle friendly feelings in us. It's unusual to feel real hatred, and it's usually

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caused from feeling resentful about being hurt. We need to try to remember that there's one part of The Lord's Prayer that's conditional: 'Forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive them that trespass against us.' There's nothing in our strength that lets us forgive. It's only when we're in the love and presence of God that we can forgive past hurts. When we forgive someone, that's a way of showing love.

Before we consider the specific ways that love is manifested, let's think about Love's wonderful Lords in Waiting.

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Chapter 2 - Love's Lords In Waiting: Pity

Heroes of Pity

Have you ever seen a baby pat his caregiver's face to make her feel better, or hug his kitten and say, 'Poor kitty!' after stepping on its tail? That's because there's a little wellspring of Pity in every baby's heart. That doesn't mean that the baby won't pull the kitty's tail to see what happens--but that's only because he's curious and wants to know. If you can make him understand that it hurts the kitty, he'll be sad and say, 'Poor kitty!' A little girl might come home and cry in her room because she saw a strange dog being beaten. Pity wells up from her heart into her eyes, and makes tears. I know a little girl who could never bear to listen to the story of Joseph in the pit. Sometimes little boys are too dignified to cry, but they might run from the room during a tragic story, or a sad sight, because they're afraid they might feel like crying if they stayed. When people get older, they often have too much self-control to cry. But even if they don't actually cry, when they see someone suffering or something sad, they still feel a pain in their hearts. That's the pain of Pity. Pity's job seems to be to inspire us to help people who are suffering. Many tender-hearted people have been so filled with Pity that they've given up their lives to comfort and help the people who are suffering. You may have heard of one Hero of Sympathy named

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Father Damien, who gave up everything in his comfortable life so that he could help and comfort the suffering lepers on the island of Molokai in Hawaii. Or E. J. Peck, the 'loneliest man in Queen Victoria's dominion.' He left his family to share the love of God with the Innuit people of Alaska. If we think long and hard about any suffering people, until their suffering feels real to us, we'll have a sick pain in our hearts until we can find a way to ease their pain. The thousands and thousands of noble martyrs gave up everything they had in life to serve suffering people because they took thought of them until they had to do something. Sometimes one of these noble Heroes of Pity will work and care all day and night to care for just one suffering person. Sometimes their heart will be filled with the suffering of many poor people.  Sometimes the person who needs a great act of service will be a stranger. Sometimes it will be our own father or mother, or sister, or perhaps our own child. There are many, many people suffering in this happy yet tragic world. But, thanks to God, there are also many people who feel Pity enough to help.

Idle Sympathy

I said that Pity's job is to inspire us to help. But there are some people who enjoy the luxury of feeling sympathy without ever being bothered to do anything about it. They say, 'That's so sad!' and might even shed a tear or two when they hear the sad news, but they won't lift a finger to do a thing to help the suffering person. In fact, such a person generally prefers to feel sympathy for imaginary people who don't need any help. They enjoy crying over a tragic book or movie. These people are rather pleased with themselves because they think they have sensitive hearts. But their tears are like springs in limestone that coat everything soft

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with stone. Every inclination to feel sympathy that doesn't result in some kind of action to help will add to forming a heart of stone. The most difficult people to convince to help are the ones who allow themselves the luxury of empty sympathy.

Self-Pity

There's another kind of people who have a strong, active inclination to Pity, but their sympathy is all given to one thing. No sorrow or pain or concern outside of that one object can move them. These are the people who feel sorry for themselves. Anything that happens to them is enough reason for them to be filled with self-pity. They feel sorry for themselves because their tooth hurts, or because they don't have blond hair, or because they're not pretty enough to be noticed, or because they're tall and clumsy, or because they always have to get up too early, or because breakfast isn't just what they wanted, or because their sibling gets something they don't, or because someone they admire doesn't notice them or says something like 'Hurry up,' or 'sit up straight,' or something else they don't like. They feel like these things are unbearable, and the poor pitiful person goes around all day with a long face. As they get older, they complain about all kinds of friends who offended them, neglected them, or misunderstood them. A person who feels sorry for himself thinks that 'nobody understands' them. Even if they're reasonably healthy, they may become a hypochondriac who has a pain here, or a feeling there, and they complain about every detail to the doctor constantly. The doctor might have sympathy for this unhappy patient. He knows that the real problem is more serious than the person even imagines. It's Self-Pity, and he has no medicine for that, although he might prescribe bottles of water or placebo pills to humor the person. You might feel like laughing at

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such a sad state of mind, but the Demon of Self-Pity is actually a dangerous enemy. Self-Pity has made many people, even some who seem so strong and good, waste their whole lives brooding over some imagined or magnified distress. No resident in the House of Heart has alienated more friends or done more to steal the joys of life.

How We Can Defend Ourselves

Our defense is two-fold. First, we should never let ourselves dwell on something that hurts or is uncomfortable. When we're sick or have a pain, it's up to us to keep our minds well and joyful. There are some people who are suffering a lot, but they can still be cheerful and comforting enough to be the mainstay of their home. We have to be even more careful not to let our minds revisit any incident that offended us, whether it was intended or not. We can't even let ourselves think about it for an instant. A minor little thing can be blown out of proportion in our minds so much, that, like a dime held up so that it blots out the sun, we can't see our friend's love and kindness. It can blot out entire happiness, and shut us up in a cold, dark prison of oppressive discontent. If we never allow ourselves to reflect on minor annoyances, we'll be able to handle big ones gracefully. If we don't dwell on small pains, our great pains will be easier to endure.

The other way to defend ourselves against idle pity is even more effective. We can spend our time thinking of others. We can be quick to notice their needs and sufferings, and be ready to help. It's impossible for our minds to be absorbed with two things at the same time. If our thoughts are busy considering others, both near and far away, in our own family or in another country, then we won't have the time or inclination to feel sorry for ourselves.

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Chapter 3 - Love's Lords In Waiting: Goodwill

'Change the World, or Accept It'

Normally, people talk about benevolence as if it means nothing more than giving money or help to needy people. But it's possible to give a lot of help without being benevolent, and it's also possible to be benevolent without giving a lot of financial help. Benevolence means having Goodwill towards everyone. The wise emperor Marcus Aurelius described the lowest form of Goodwill: 'Men were born to serve one another. So, either change the world, or accept it.' The very least we can do for the world is to accept it. 'The world' means people, including people we like. But Goodwill lets us accept the people who annoy us, and even to sincerely like them. There's probably nobody that we couldn't like if we knew everything about him, because all people are born with the same good qualities of the Heart and Mind that we've been talking about, some more, some less. Although the best part of a person's real nature might be buried inside him like a diamond buried under a pile of garbage, it's never too late to clean away the trash and recover the diamond. Even a depraved criminal might have a wife who loves him. She

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doesn't love his depravity, but she can see the possibilities for good and beauty within him.

A Person is More Than His Faults

People who have Goodwill understand that glaring faults and annoying habits don't make up the real person any more than sun spots make up the sun itself. Therefore, it's not difficult to put up with his faults. Even better, he tries to correct his faults while at the same time, giving the same genuine affection or love to the person as if he didn't have those faults. That's the kind of Goodwill that parents have for their children, and that brothers and sisters have for each other, that friends owe to friends, neighbors to neighbors--and, as the circle widens, we all ought to have for all the people we come in contact with, and everyone whose work and ways we come across. Goodwill doesn't call a builder rude names when his door won't shut right, or his window won't open. He understands that the builder is probably well-intentioned deep down, but isn't accustomed to making the most of himself. So he's satisfied to do slipshod work. The gaping door and the window that won't budge inspire Goodwill to raise the level of people in general so that other builders will aim higher and turn out better work.

Goodwill Stays Busy

Goodwill is no sloth! He can patiently put up with things done incorrectly, and bad manners that he doesn't like. But he can't possibly leave people alone who do the wrong thing. He cares too much about them to see them ruin themselves with one fault or another. He can't watch people grow up in ignorance, and can't tolerate sickness or suffering or loneliness anywhere in

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the world. So his hands and heart are always busy with some kind of helpful work.

As you can see, Goodwill does many things, but wherever he looks, his expression is the same. Goodwill is always gracious, sincere, pleasant, and approachable. He genuinely likes all people--grown-ups, children, male or female. He's inexhaustible, too. With so many friends with so many needs, there's always something for him to do. But he enjoys everything he does, so it's not hard for him to smile as he goes along.

Goodwill's Enemies

What a wonderful place the world would be if the wellspring of Goodwill was free to spring up unhindered in every human heart! But a whole league of Demons hinder every movement that Goodwill makes. There's the tendency to be too particular and offended by anything that's different than what we're used to. Hypersensitivity is always looking for any reason to resent offenses and insults, no matter how minor or how unintentional. Faultfinder is always nearby, ready to disapprove and blame without attempting to help correct the fault. Selfishness is ready to fill up the whole heart so that not even a corner is left to be concerned for others. Laziness is there to replace Goodwill with easy, agreeable Good Nature, who is happy with everything, as long as he doesn't have to take the trouble to do anything. Tolerance is just as easy and agreeable with opinions as Good Nature is with actions. To tolerate, or put up with, the principles and opinions that guide people's very lives is not Goodwill, it's Indifference. Real Goodwill is unbiased and fair-minded to other people's thoughts, not indifferent.

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The Peace of Goodwill

Goodwill does so many things that we can only take time to mention a few of them. But it's good to understand that it means, at the very least, active Goodwill towards everyone. When we realize this, the angels' message of 'Peace on earth and Goodwill towards men of Goodwill' will mean more to us.

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Chapter 4 - Love's Lords In Waiting: Sympathy

Sympathy is a Lord of the Heart who gets a bad rap. People think that he's sentimental and that he goes around wiping people's tears and soothing their distresses. They think that's all he does. But sympathy has deep understanding. He has great joy, even though he sometimes has great sadness. Understanding another human being so completely that you can feel what he's feeling and think what he's thinking is like taking possession of a whole new world! It's like being able to live the life of another person. It's as if the heart expanded and you could understand what it must feel like to have as much full comprehension as God's angels. Every once in a while, we find almost perfect sympathy with another person, and we let ourselves become exclusive. We know that one person, but nobody else. But that makes the gift of sympathy, which should be used for the good of others, something selfish. Every trait we discover and come to understand in a person should be used as a key to understand the same trait in others. If we discover that our words have the power to hurt that person, or a look can wound them, then we should use that knowledge to spur us to be kind and careful in the way we deal with other people. We never know

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how much power our words or actions have to hurt others. Can you think of even one person whose heart is touched by a noble thought, or whose eyes mist over when they hear about some act of heroism? That should prove that those kinds of things have the power to move the human heart. And our response should be to give freely from the best of ourselves that we have to offer. We shouldn't entertain the notion that such-and-such a person wouldn't understand. If music or poetry or art gives us joy, then we shouldn't hesitate to share those things with others. After all, people are made pretty much alike, although their experiences in life are different. A speaker who understands how Empathy works will speak in a way that appeals to the generosity, delicacy, courage, and loyalty of the whole crowd, even though they're all different sorts of people. And he does touch their hearts. His own Empathy and understanding has recognized that something noble and good dwells within the heart of each person, no matter how unlikely the crowd may look. And his speech works like a magic key that unlocks the tree imprisoning the spirit Ariel, and the beautiful part of the human spirit rises up from the prison deep within the heart.

Raising the Bar

Empathy is like an eye that really notices others, or like encouragement that elevates, or like a strong, sustaining arm to lean on and keep a person from falling. The great thinkers (poets and artists) and doers (heroes) have done a wonderful thing for their world. They have put out feelers to find and draw out our Empathy. We sometimes say that a picture or poem or heroic deed 'finds us.' We find ourselves thinking the same thought, or reliving that heroic act, and we feel strengthened and inspired. We owe the same kind of Empathy to every human being, whether far or near. If we have anything noble and good within us, let's offer it with the confidence of knowing that others will respond. If we hesitate and don't give this Empathy because we suspect that everyone around us is thinking petty, unworthy thoughts, or doing immoral, mean things and can't do any better, then we'll find ourselves getting what we expect. Although we may not realize it, we end up

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giving our Empathy to what's corrupt and suspicious in others, and that confirms and strengthens the corruption in them. And, at the same time, we're locking ourselves into the habit of harsh, narrow thinking, and stingy, callous living.

Virtue Goes Out of Us

The power to see, elevate and sustain is the highest job Empathy has. Even when it's the sadness, worry or pain of others that arouses it, we can't forget Empathy's highest office. We need to see the disaster from the perspective of the person suffering, and feel his pain, although not as keenly as he feels it himself. If we don't suffer, then we have nothing to give. The Bible says that 'virtue went out of Him' as Jesus healed. It's only as the virtue of our honor, strength and vitality go out of us, that we have the ability to help and heal.

Imitation Empathy

There's an imitation kind of empathy that's common among those who give, and those who receive. In fact, it can be used to gain popularity. This is the kind of empathy that sees, but not deep enough. It sees that the ego of the person suffering might be soothed in the same way that a caregiver soothes a toddler who just bumped his head on the table. She says, 'Naughty table!' and knocks over the table! In the same way, a false empathizer blames the source of the suffering and makes the person even more ineffective by offering weak pity and making him feel sorry for himself just when he needs strength to fortify himself. Self-pity is possibly the final blow of misfortune that can fall on a man. It degrades empathy to make the person suffering aware of his own pain instead of raising him above it. That's even worse than the callousness that tries to get the suffering person to buck up and brace himself. It's also more dangerous - at least callousness is more easily recognized before it can do much harm.

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Tact

Tact is almost like another word for empathy. Both words are related to using our hearts to see things from another person's point of view. Tact recognizes that a harsh word will be hurtful, or that a certain gesture will offend, or that a word of sympathy will seem like prying. Tact knows when a smile and kind look are better than words. Tact is often learned with good upbringing, but the most genuine tact is the expression of empathy that only comes from understanding what's going on in another person's mind. Tact works with the other minor parts of empathy - active interest in what others are doing and interested in, and a readiness to provide a listening ear. An attentive, friendly listener can be the most needed kind of empathy. He's able to raise and sustain the person he's listening to. Just by listening, he can increase the self-respect of a person who's just accomplished something, or seen something, or suffered something that he needs to talk about. Listening is a true act of service. Every one of us, 'even the youngest,' thinks too little of ourselves and we tend to lack the confidence and courage to act on the possibilities inside us. A good listener can  encourage others.

Demons Related to Empathy

We can't go into all the parts of Empathy, but we need to mention a few of the demons that threaten it. The worst one is fatal. It's the self-occupation that comes from Ego. When a person is focused on himself, his rights, his needs, what he wants, his abilities, or his lack of ability, his achievements or failures, his value or worthlessness, then he's like a goblet that's already full. He has no room to have Empathy for anyone else. The passive form of Ego is Indifference. Some of its active forms are self-seeking Vanity, Dislike, and Animosity.

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Chapter 5 - Love's Lords In Waiting: Thoughtfulness

'The best part of a good man's life
Are the little, nameless, unremembered acts
Of kindness and of love.'
--from Wordsworth

It's interesting that a great poet should put so much importance on little acts of thoughtfulness in a good man's life. Thoughtfulness is another Lord of the Heart. I once knew a child who wasn't even old enough to talk yet, but was kind enough to pull up a chair and pat it for a visitor to sit down. Even unschooled natives of third-world countries have kind impulses of thoughtfulness.

Thoughtfulness Makes Life Pleasant for Others

Thoughtfulness is universal. You'd think that Sympathy, Goodwill and Empathy would cover everything. If those were all there in the heart, then thoughtfulness should be a given. But there's a strange thing about human nature. The best way I can describe it is inertia. It makes even a sympatheitic, benevolent, caring person slow to do the kind of little everyday routine things that thoughtfulness is concerned about. Thoughtfulness's job is simply to make everyday life more pleasant and comfortable for others, even when those others are only the pets that we feed and care for, or our dog

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who likes to be played with and taken for walks, or our horse that needs not only food and care but encouragement from a friendly touch and word. Our family and friends, both rich and poor, provide lots of opportunities to be thoughtful. A thoughtful person might be described as courteous, kind, accomodating or considerate. His thoughtfulness is shown in a kind word, or by knowing when not to speak, or by his manner, his attention, what he says, or what he does.

The Kindness of Courtesy

British people sometimes think that what we do doesn't matter, as long as our hearts are right. So we sometimes miss the opportunity to do a kindness or courtesy. We adopt a congenial but distant manner that's really aloof, and can therefore be painful and a little unkind. We also neglect routine gestures of courteous greetings. It's good to see Germans or Danish errand boys tip their hats to each other, or schoolboys, or porters and washerwomen, without any sense of awkwardness. But in England, we've gotten into a bad national habit. This might be one area where both rich and poor can meet. Both share an unconscious struggle for social status, so both should be able to afford to be forthright, considerate, gracious and couteous to anyone in their path.

Singlemindedness

Singlemindedness is a specific kind of thoughtfulness. A person can only be kind and thoughtful when their attention is focused on the person they're being kind to, and there's no watching for a response. All kinds of things have been written and said about kind actions like getting slippers and footstools, or giving flowers, etc. There's even one method of encouraging children

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to perform acts of thoughtfulness by keeping count of how many considerate things they do in a day. But that ruins it. The very essence of an act of kindness is that it should be done and then forgotten. It goes without saying that we shouldn't mention an act of kindness that we did to the person or to anyone else. But even more important, let's not keep score by thinking, 'I did a thoughtful thing for such-and-such, and now look at the way he rewards me for it!' And we can't think that we can cancel out a kindness done for us by reciprocating and doing a favor. Worst of all is to expect that, if we do something for a person, they owe us some great favor, and then act put out and ungracious if our kindness isn't paid back or even recognized. How can we escape these pitfalls of thoughtfulness? By being single-minded so that we don't even know that we're doing anything unusually kind. It isn't just the poor who are meant when Jesus said, 'Don't let your right hand know what your left hand is doing.'

Everyone has kind intentions.

'People are so precious to humans! Even the poorest person
Longs for some moments in his miserable life
When he can know and feel like he's truly been
Himself by being a giver and dealer
Of some small blessing, and been kind to someone
Who needed kindness.'
--from Wordsworth

Thoughtfulness in Interpretation

The greatest, sweetest and most generous kind of thoughtfulness is possibly the one we never think about. I'm taking about kindness in how we construe another person's meaning. We can always take someone else's words, actions and motives in one of two ways. Human nature is so contradictory that both ways may be equally accurate. The difference is in the way we interpret

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the other person's thoughts. We can give them the benefit of doubt and think generously of their thoughts. For instance, an awkward action or comment might just be clumsiness rather than lack of kindness. If we give the benefit of the doubt, we'll probably be right, which is only fair to the person. What if we're wrong? Assuming the best of intentions will have a two-fold effect. It will be more effective than any criticism at convicting him of unkindness. It will also stir up the good feelings within himself that we already credited him with. Of all the causes for unhappiness, the most upsetting is the habit of thinking the worst of the people we live with. Even good people fall into that habit. One bad result of this kind of thinking, especially with young people who are influenced by what their peers think of them, is that they think they'll get laughed at if they act on a kind impulse. So they don't act when they feel an impulse to do something thoughtful. Thoughtfulness that's single-minded in its focus doesn't worry about those things. It doesn't second guess and assume everyone thinks they're silly if they act on a kind impulse. It's not always easy to 'be ye kind,' but--

'All worldly pleasures amount to less
Than the joy of doing one kindness.'
--from Herbert

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Chapter 6 - Love's Lords In Waiting: Magnanimity

Everyone Has Gracious Impulses

At first glance, it seems like gracious magnanimity doesn't exist in a lot of people. We only notice it in the most noble souls. But we are deceived. All of England was delirious with joy because a siege in the little South African town of Mafeking ended. People forget their own concerns, plans, worries, annoyances, even their hunger, cold and physical needs when they're seemingly warmed and fed by a public joy, or, in other cases, softened and saddened by a public sorrow. That's because all people are stirred by what's called a generous impulse. It's a feeling of magnanimity that allows them to live outside of their own lives, even if it's only for a moment. One time I heard a magnanimous lecture about a great poet given to a crowd of thousands of people from different walks of life. The comments people made on their way out were interesting. One man said, with a choke in his voice, 'You know, that man had us in the palm of his hand. He could lead us on any crusade he wanted!' He was right. And that's how all noble, world-changing movements have started, such as the Crusades, or the anti-slavery war in America. A thought

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was spoken that awakened a magnanimous impulse that's common to all humans. It's natural for magnanimity to bring forth, and to give, at the cost of suffering and deprivation, whether it's a little or a lot. It's not magnanimous to give what we don't want and what we'll never miss. That's merely good natured. It can't even be called kindness unless it came from a real thought about the needs of someone else.

Abounding Trust and Faith in Others

Magnanimity at its best, and with a certain flavor added, is called Enthusiasm. We'll discuss enthusiasm later. It may help in our understanding of this virtue if we clarify that it's often more accurately called magnanimity when it refers to the nobleness of the mind, and it's called generosity when it refers to a largeness of heart. A generous-hearted person has gracious, warm thoughts about life and the people around him. He could never bitterly condemn entire groups of people because of their race, language, politics, social class or religion. He has no patience for the base smart aleck who tells jokes that make fun of a whole class of people [such as lawyer jokes?]  He has no patience for the kind of experienced 'wisdom' that's so suspicious that it expects to be defrauded or cheated by everyone. In the end, a magnanimous person finds that he's the one with the wisdom of the world. Because he's able to be fair and generous, he's able to live his whole life with no hard lessons learned from the sin and cheating of others. At the same time, if he only has five dollars, he spends it freely, with no anxiety about what he'll do when it's gone. It's his trust and faith in others, rather than how much he has to share, that distinguishes a generous, magnanimous person.

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Generosity is Costly, but It Has Its Own Reward

In the same way, when it comes to his friends and neighbors, he doesn't keep track to make sure that everyone gives him what he thinks he has coming to him of their time, kindness, or service. He allows them to decide for themselves what they'll do. And most people respond well to that kind of trust. Don't confuse this with the careless kind of thinking that allows anything. That is often a lack of self-respect that causes people to crave popularity. A magnanimous person will have all different kinds of people as friends. He has something interesting to say to various levels of intellect, and can find something in common with almost anyone. He's interested in lots of different things. and he's open-minded. No matter what he gets interested in, he's enthusiastic and ready to give it his all.

Generosity is costly because it's always giving, whether it's from the heart or from the wallet. Yet it pays great reward. After all, the Bible says, 'Give, and it shall be given unto you in good measure, pressed down, shaken together, and running over, shall men give into your bosom.' It's a blessing to be a magnanimous person, too. A generous person doesn't let minor problems, worries or annoyances get to him. He goes around in a state of calm. There are so many important things to be concerned about that he doesn't have time for the petty ones. And he has a lot of important concerns in mind, since whatever concerns others concerns him, too. But, since his concerns are warm and glowing concerns of the heart, they are distributed appropriately. He divides his cares between his intimates and the rest of the world. His heart is touched by both, but he reserves his deepest care for those closest to him. He doesn't pretend to love other countries as much as he loves his own, and he doesn't try to make himself feel the same affection for the kids down the street as he feels for his own children.

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False Ideas that Restrain Generosity

I've been talking about how a generous person acts, but really, generosity isn't limited to just a few magnanimous-disposed people. Generosity is alive in each of us, ready to help us live a life full of warmth and openness. But certain false assumptions and petty tendencies can keep generosity confined in the prison of our hearts, unless some chance fortunate comment or situation inspires us to let him loose. When this happens to an entire community at the same time, people become alarmed and wonder if the whole world has lost its mind. But what's happened is that we've suddenly burst out into freedom of life and loosed the shackles that we're used to.

'Every person should take care of his own business' is a false notion that comes to people with a strong sense of duty, and the realization that they're limited in how much they can help outside of their own family. This kind of person shuts out the great, wide world's problems, and becomes obsessed with the petty problems and details of his own private world. It's true that we should take care of ourselves. If we don't, then we become unworthy and a drain to our society's resources by abdicating our duty and burdening someone else with it. The secret is to focus fully on our own business when that's what we're supposed to be doing, whether it's an outside job or our own daily schedule. But when our work is done, we should consider it wasteful to pay even a moment's notice to that work. That time should rightfully be spent considering the concerns of the world outside of ourselves. Whatever our job is in life, even if it's the tedious drudgery of maintaining a family, we'll do it better if we discipline ourselves and focus our attention on the right thing at the right time. That will make us a better, more open and broad-minded person. And, let's face it, the fuller a person we are, the more effective we'll be at getting our work done.

'Every man for himself, and heaven helps those who help themselves' is another false notion that imprisons our mind in a narrow cell.

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It isn't every man for himself. It's wise to get out of ourselves and involve ourselves in the wide current of human life in all of its conditions and types of people. That's what we should be focusing on.

Another false notion that's usually unspoken but worse than the others is the secret belief that everybody else is worse than we are and is therefore unworthy of our help. It seems shocking to see it put into words, but how else can we explain why we think that one person is out to cheat us, and another wants to offend us, while we ourselves have no intention of doing such things to them? Why do we expect to be slighted or deceived when we know we'd never do that to someone else? It's more generous to have some faith in others, to trust freely, and expect the best of contractors, people who serve us, our friends and neighbors, people we work for, and those who work for us.

'Be noble! Then, the nobility that lies
Dormant in others, asleep but not dead,
Will rise up heroically to meet your own!'
--from Lowell

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Chapter 7 - Love's Lords In Waiting: Gratitude

The Pleasure of a Grateful Heart

Gratitude ought to help us live more joyfully and happily than any other Lord of the Heart. It's so good and cheering to be grateful! The joy doesn't come from the favor or kindness that was bestowed on us out of goodwill and love. The joy is that something beautiful has sprung up from the beautiful heart of someone else for us. Our joy in that other person's character gives us more delight than any pleasure we might derive from mere favors. But, too often, we miss this joy. We're too absorbed in our own selves to be aware of a kindness. Or we're so pleased with ourselves that we assume that any kindness is only what we deserve and have coming to us. Young people tend to accept the abundant, overflowing kindnesses of their parents as routine and common. So they miss the double joy they could have if they recognized the love in a hug, or a nice comment, or a special look, or something specially arranged for them. Parents often do so many little things above and beyond their obligation as dutiful parents. Kindness is like a flower that blooms when you aren't even looking for it. Being on the alert to notice these 'flowers' of kindness can add

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to the joy we experience in our relationships with other people. It can add to our comfort and happiness in being taken care of. Let's say you go to the little corner market, and the clerk, who knows you by now, adds a little gift to your bag of groceries. Perhaps it's a nice look of recognition, or a cheerful greeting, or maybe a question that shows he's interested in you and your family. It might be nothing more than a friendly smile, but you have a pleasant bond of human relations with him because he was kind to you. There are two possible responses to this. One response is to imagine that you're so important that it's natural for clerks and people to show you special attention. Or, you might walk away with a lighter heart that's grateful, and takes away more than it came in with.

A Grateful Heart Gives a Full Return

Life would be dull and lack the flowers of kindness if we didn't get more than we could ever pay for with money, or repay with favors. But a grateful heart pays a good dividend because it gets paid with rejoicing in the gift and the giver. There are times when formal thanks are appropriate, but that's not the only way to show gratefulness. A glance, a smile, or a heartfelt word of appreciation and recognition will fill the other person and give them something back for their kindness that brought us so much pleasure. But we shouldn't bother giving thanks if it isn't simple and sincere. It should be simple in the way that we focus on the other person's kindness instead of ourselves. And it should be sincere in saying only what we feel and no more, or sincere enough not to belabor the point by pretending to love a gift that isn't of value to us. Instead, we should focus on the other person.

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The Shame of Ingratitude

There's an old story about a city who decided that ingratitude was the worst of all crimes. They were practical people, so they set up a bell in an open but remote place so that anyone who experienced ingratitude could ring it. As time went on, the bell became forgotten. Maybe the people were extra careful not to commit this offense. But one day, the bell rang! The whole city rushed out to see who was ringing the bell, and who the ungrateful accused person was. As it turned out, a donkey had been grazing and got his foot caught in the bell rope. As he tried to move to nibble on what little grass was in the area, the bell pealed. At first, everyone laughed. But then they noticed the condition of the donkey. He was almost too weak to stand. The people asked each other, 'Whose donkey is this?' They asked around until they found the owner. The owner confessed that he had owned the donkey for many years, and the donkey had served him well. But then he got too weak to be useful, so he had turned the poor donkey out to make out as best he could on his own. The citizens decided that the donkey had been justified in ringing the bell, and they made the abusive owner pay the fine and keep his donkey. Using other people and making them serve us is ungrateful. A grateful person has a good memory and an observant eye. He knows when people who have helped him need his help in turn. He especially values the people who were kind and helpful to him when he was a child. He watches for an opportunity to repay their kindness.

Gratitude is ready to rejoice and give thanks for gifts he receives, even if the gift came from someone who wasn't thinking especially of him. In fact, the person who gave the gift may have died hundreds of years

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earlier. He can be thankful for a delightful or helpful book, or a great painting, or a beautiful day, or the face of a small child, or pleasant work, or enjoyable places. As Jeremy Taylor said, he is quick to 'notice the pleasure in whatever he's doing.' He's thankful for whatever good comes his way. The pathetic person who thinks that everything he gets is merely what he's entitled to, and that nobody can ever give him more than he has a fair right to, is to be pitied. He misses a lot of joy, and he causes himself a lot of pain and annoyance as he goes through life. 'Yes, it's a happy and pleasant thing to be thankful.'

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Chapter 8 - Love's Lords In Waiting: Courage

All Of Us Have Courage

The word courage comes from the days when the elite spoke Norman French, and nobles valued chivalry. The Normans believed that Courage was something in the heart, and the word reflects that. Courage meant the whole character of a man. If a man didn't have Courage, then he didn't have any qualities of manhood. We don't talk about it as much anymore, but Courage is still an important Lord in the House of the Heart. Courage should live inside every Mansoul, even the most timid ones.

The Courage to Attack

Even a sheep will be brave enough to attack to save her lamb. A bird will refuse to leave her eggs even when a monster (man) is near. One time a blue tomtit laid its eggs in a mailbox. Of course, people went to see it. It was curious and amazing the way the little bird hissed at the giant intruders! A toddler is brave enough to protect his pets. Many loving mothers have been courageous enough to sacrifice themselves to horrible deaths to save their babies. All of us have enough courage to face any danger, any enemy, any kind of death, if we'd only believe it. But, like all the other Lords of our Life, Courage

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has his own demons. They are Fear, Cowardice, Panic, and Anxiety.

The Courage to Endure

Fear and his friends Panic and Anxiety, are always watching for the moments when Courage is lulled to sleep by security. When we see the heroic deeds that all kinds of men are capable of in war, we can begin to understand that Courage is universal. In England, only those who want to join the army. But men who are drafted show just as much courage. It's just as possible for every man to be gripped by Fear and to act on Panic that comes from Fear. An entire company that was considered as brave as anyone else has been known to turn and flee from the enemy.

The Courage of Calmness

Not many of us will ever face the challenge of a battlefield. Yet a battlefield isn't as challenging as the thousands of battles we all face every day in our lives, and we have to face them by ourselves without the moral support of an army. It takes more Courage to face the loss of a leg at home because of an accident or sports injury. And the kind of Courage it takes to face pain and disappointment with calm endurance is something we all need. Everyone needs strength sometimes, even if it's only in the dentist's chair! It's good to have confidence and know that we have all the Courage we'll ever need to face whatever may come our way - not because we're bolder than most people, but because everyone is born with Courage, the Lord and Captain of the Heart. Once we know that we have Courage, we need to be sure our Courage doesn't fall asleep and betray us so that we panic in an accident or when we see a wasp or a mouse. It's

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improper and inappropriate for anyone, no matter how young, to lose the presence of mind when they're hurt or in danger. When we panic and lose our heads, we lose the opportunity to be useful to others, and we become a burden and make a spectacle of ourselves. Anxious fussing in minor stresses, such as when traveling or during a small household crisis, or pressure at work, is a form of panic. It's the fear that things may not go well, or that something might be forgotten and not get done. Instead of worrying, we should get a grip and remind ourselves, 'It doesn't really matter. Any undue concern about things is unworthy of us.' The only thing that really matters is people. The best thing we can do is to be sure that one person keeps a cool head in a crisis. Then we'll be sure that one person, at least, will be ready to help.

The Courage To Deal With Our Circumstances

The kind of fear that tends to agonize and worry and be disturbed when circumstances are the least bit stressful, will darken into real anxiety when we face some success we've always wanted, or some danger that we've always feared. People get more sympathy for being anxious because anxiety causes real suffering, and the cause for the anxiety is often real. Yet we do ourselves an injustice when we indulge in anxiety. We're all born with the strength of Courage to a greater or lesser degree. This Courage should allow us to focus on the here and now without worrying about what the future might bring. Even the most timid of us can focus on the here and now if we keep our minds occupied doing what needs to be done now. That's how mothers and wives can spend months nursing their dearest loved one with a cheerful smile. If you ask them how they do it, they'll say that they don't dare look ahead to the future. They live from hour to hour. By focusing on the here and now, they're able to bring happiness and even cheerfulness to the sickroom, even though

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a sad end is the inevitable end they'll have to face. If this kind of Courage is possible even in the face of grief to come, then surely it's possible to be brave about facing lesser matters, such as a coming term exam, or something we'll be losing soon, or an upcoming stressful situation, or even the worst distress of all - when someone we love disappoints us by deciding not to follow Christ. Jesus commanded us, 'Don't let your heart be anxious.' The command assumes that we have the ability to be obedient. That's why warnings are given to those who are 'fearful and unbelieving.'

The Courage to Stick to our Opinions

The Courage to Attack, The Courage to Endure, the Courage of Calmness, and The Courage to Deal With Our Circumstances are all important. But there are some minor forms of Courage that are just as much a part of a courageous heart. One of these is the Courage to stick to our opinions. I'm not talking about the latest buzzword that we casually adopt as our own, those things that 'everybody says' and that we imagine will startle our less-informed friends. I'm talking about those few opinions based on knowledge that we can truly call our own.

It's a good idea to examine ourselves and figure out what our opinions about popular issues really are. If we truly think it through, we might discover that we don't really have a strong opinion one way or the other. If that's the case, let's not be quick to agree with the first thing we hear. Instead, we should think, ask questions, read about it, consider both sides. Then we'll be prepared with a gentle, clear, well-grounded opinion when someone makes a comment like, 'I think it's a bad idea to send missionaries,' or 'People tend to choose the religion that's most suited to their personality type,' or 'it's a waste of time to be concerned about people as a group. Only the elite minds, or the creative souls who produce art are worth caring about,' and so on. Too often we have to let people's remarks go unchallenged

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because we assume they've been carefully though out. But it's surprising how a single word of simple conviction will silence people who express the most outrageous opinions. It's our duty to have this kind of conviction.

The Courage to be Open

The Courage to be open and sincere can be charming. It's appropriate to have some discretion. A person who blabs everything about his affairs with no regard for what should remain private is a bore. On the other hand, a person who is too cautious, suspicious and reserved has a fearful and unbelieving heart. That's not characteristic of a noble heart. How do we know what we should share and what we should keep private? Examining our motive is our best guide. If we keep something to ourselves because we don't want to bore our friends with petty trivialities, that's fine. But if we hold back because we don't trust them to care, or to be fair, or to be kind, or to understand, then we lack Courage.

The Correct to Correct

There are lots of kinds of Courage that different people can have, but we're only going to mention a couple more. The Courage to Correct needs to be used with delicacy and gentleness. You can't have a genuine friendship between two equals without this kind of Courage. The fair, gentle corrections that young friends give each other are probably more convicting and effective for them than the more common reproofs that older people give each other.

The Courage to Confess

The Courage to Confess openly and directly to the appropriate person when we've done something wrong or left something undone in the routine of our day is very strengthening. But the habit of confessing all of our feelings and

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thoughts isn't always Courage. When we confess, it's safer to stick to things we've done or things we've neglected to do.

The Courage of Confidence

The Courage of Confidence assures us that we're capable and able to do whatever task comes our way. We won't listen to the gutless fear that reminds us of our past failures or our inadequacies. The Courage of Intellectual Confidence enables us to take on the challenge of mind work with a sense that we have what it takes to succeed. Many failures are caused by intellectual panic. It's to blame for the times when we don't try to understand the line of reasoning of an argument, or when we don't try to follow an experiment, and it's a major reason why so many people don't speak foreign languages. Intellectual panic is also the reason why we tend to adopt popular opinions. We're afraid we don't have what it takes to think through an opinion for ourselves that's worth keeping, and worth sharing with others.

The Courage to Seize Opportunity

Shakespeare wrote in Julius Caesar,

'There is a tide in the affairs of men,
Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune.'

The Courage to seize the opportunity when it presents itself is related to the Courage of Confidence. It's not the same as the haphazard spirit of recklessness that goes looking for ways to take risks. The difference is that Courage is ready to take on what comes its way, but foolhardiness seeks ways to take a gamble. Courage waits for guidance:

'Noble-minded people yield, they believe
That circumstances are like sacred oracles
Speaking God's will to faithful souls.'
     (from Charlotte Mason's poem, Moses: A Study)

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Chapter 9 - Love's Lords In Waiting: Loyalty

Loyalty of Youth

Loyalty is what marks a person of character, yet it isn't a mark. Loyalty isn't something we can put on or stamp on ourselves, it's something that we're born with. At different periods in time, and at different periods of life, any one of the Lords of the Heart has control of Mansoul. During the Age of Chivalry, it was Loyalty who ruled. Our young years ought to be devoted to Loyalty and Chivalry. But this doesn't seem to be a very loyal time that we live in. We seem to think that our priority in life is to think for ourselves and serve ourselves for our own pleasure. We seem to think that the world is here to please and serve our desires, instead of thinking that we're here to serve and care for the world. We're more interested in ruling than serving. At least, that's how we think in our lowest moments. Loyalty, whose duty is to serve, reminds us that we don't belong to ourselves. We're fulfilled only when we serve out of loyalty.
 
Our Loyalties are Already Determined For Us

We're quick to profess shallow loyalty to a poet, actor, soldier or priest and offer our service. But we forget that, just like every other part of our lives,

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it's not up to us to decide where to distribute our loyalties. They are already determined for us. In some cases, they're part of our duties and our choice is to be loyal or disloyal. In this respect, it's nice to be in a country that has a king because royalty provides a visible exercise in Loyalty. A king is loved and served out of loyalty to his role as sovereign.

Loyalty to Our King

One of the best lessons we get from history is in the examples of loyalty and service. One of those lessons is the unlimited honor and reverence given to a king. People would devote their very lives, everything they had to survive, their children, their allegiance, to the king's cause. Sir Henry Lee in Scott's Woodstock is a great example of Loyalty. As we read, it becomes evident that Lee's fine character and life shouldn't be wasted on such an unworthy king. But we need to remember that the knight benefited more from his loyalty than the king did, because it's 'more blessed to give than to receive.' Our beloved Queen Victoria had all of our loyalty because she was so loyal herself. Her loyalty was to her people. She understood that and she served them, and her act of loyalty raised our level of living.

The Loyalty We Owe to Our Own People

After our king, it's our country who we're loyal to. Understand that we owe goodwill to the whole world, but we owe our loyalty to our own people. No matter how much we admire or like a foreign king, or a foreign country, our loyalty belongs to our own country, not to them. It's disloyal to make unfavorable comparisons that put down our own country and prefer some other country. We may prefer their laws, government, customs, or weather, but we still owe our first loyalty to our own country.

Public Opinion is Responsible for Anarchy

We people from the older generation are saddened, shocked and

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humbled as we hear of so many kings and presidents assassinated by people who call themselves anarchists. It shames us because this kind of crime has no parallel in history, and it's caused because public opinion hasn't been taught to value Loyalty. We keep hearing about more and more of these kinds of crimes, and it hits home because we all help to form public opinion. Every country has people who don't have the right idea about our duties to one another and that wrong idea leads them to assassination. But they get those wrong ideas from public opinion. We've been told that we shouldn't let people hear us say bad things about our leaders. If we do, then people who hear us might turn against those leaders and kill them. Kings everywhere will live in fear of being murdered. We're all bound to one another all around the world and we influence people even in other countries. That's a very serious thought. It should make us happy to know that, by being loyal to our country's leader, we're helping the whole world.

Loyalty to Our Country

I suspect that people lose a bit of their moral integrity when they choose to become exiles from their own country. Every tie we have when we're born is a part of us that becomes a necessary part of who we are. Patriotism, or loyalty to our country, is a worthy passion. Revolutions happen when the country's leader has such bad character that upright people can't be loyal to both him and their country. Unfair laws, unnecessary taxes, and the oppression of the poor make men's hearts sad for their country. Loyalty to country demands honor, service, and personal devotion.

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Giving the proper loyalty to country takes an intelligent understanding of the country's history, law and institutions. It requires knowledge of the country's great leaders and people, the weaknesses and strengths of the country. It's not the same thing as the ignorant or rude attitude of an English or Chinese person who thinks that being born an Englishman or a Chinese makes him better than people born in other countries, or that his country and his government are always right and everyone else's is always wrong. But even worse, and even more dangerous, is the vile spirit of people who think that their country and government is always at fault, and always worse than other countries, and praises other countries just so he can make his country look bad.

The Service of Loyalty

These days, serving our country may mean merely taking an active interest in the issues that concern the government, and informing ourselves about the social problems that our thinkers are discussing. Even if we aren't called on to serve the country directly, such as by being elected to the Senate, we should still give our time, effort and resources to help our local government. This kind of service is more nobly in force now than ever. And we rise to the occasion when our country needs our personal devotion. Things that have happened recently seem to prove that every citizen of Great Britain is prepared to lay down his life for his country.

Loyalty to a Chief

Perhaps the one kind of Loyalty we don't have as much of as they had in the Middle Ages is the kind of loyalty that every person

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owes to a chief. Sir Walter Scott gives a perfect example of this in his character from The Fair Maid of Perth, Torquil of the Oak. He was the Highland foster father who sacrificed his life and the lives of his nine strapping sons to protect the honor of a young chief who he knew was a coward. The entire incident is written about with sympathy, but without melodrama, and therefore provides one of the most intense situations in literature. But this kind of Loyalty still exists today. Most military junior officers in the army or the navy won't allow themselves to criticize their commanding officer's character or actions. And the soldiers still live as if 'It's not for them to give reply, it's not for them to question why, their job is to do and die.' And, if they do die because 'someone has made a blunder,' then they have the consolation that one supreme moment of unquestioning Loyalty to their king, their country and their commanding officer is probably worth fifty years of routine mundane life that doesn't feel like real living at all. At least, that's true if the purpose of life is to teach us how to fully live. There's a story about some elegant young diplomats serving as private secretaries to various important leaders. One felt that he was better than the rest and he grumbled when his boss rang the bell to summon him. Another had learned the secret of  'dignified obedience and proud submission.' He said that, even if his boss asked him to clean his shoes, he would do it. And there are plenty of examples of splendid Loyalty to heads of households, political parties, causes, schools, or whatever. They are everywhere.

Loyalty to Personal Ties

Most people are loyal to personal ties, relatives, friends, those we take care of. Everyone knows that, whether these ties are something we're born into, such as family, or something we choose, such as friendships, or something we're obligated to for lesser reasons, such as employers, we must be loyal.

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We know that it's not proper to tolerate unfair criticism about a friend's character or actions, not even in the privacy of our own thoughts. If our friend needs to be corrected, we need to discuss it with him privately and not mention it to anyone else. Our time, our company, our sympathy and our service are as available as we can afford whenever our friend needs them. We know that our friend is entitled to the best of us - our deepest thoughts, our highest dreams, as far as we're able to discuss them. We're glad to admit it in the case of our favorite friends. But when it comes to the people who are our friends by default because they happen to be within our circle, we're sometimes hesitant to give our best, and we tend to share only our shallow, routine thoughts.  And we tend to talk down to people under us who we take care of and who aren't as educated as we are. But that's a mistake. We owe the best we have in varying degrees to all of our relationships, whether default, chosen, or casual. It's those relationships that make our lives sweet.

A Mind That's Constant

Being steadfast is the essence of all Loyalties. One sixty year old man said that he'd always had his boots made from the same bootmaker ever since he was first wearing boots. That's the kind of Loyalty we need to have for all those we owe Loyalty to. We miss out on a lot of the grace of life by running here and there to find what's most beneficial and convenient for us in friends, acquaintances, religions, craftsmen, clerks, preachers and prophets. Maybe we'd get more of what's best if we stuck to what we have instead of constantly looking around for a new place to buy everything we need. Loyalty is made up of the strength, grace and dignity of a constant mind.

Someone might object and say that some people are impossible

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and unbearable. They'll say that a waiter is lazy, that a shopkeeper is dishonest, a friend is unworthy, a relative is aggravating, and not worthy of Loyalty.

But some people that we haven't sought out are going to be permanent fixtures in our life. What can't be changed should be maintained with Loyalty. Sometimes it might be best to break ties with someone like a boss or someone we take care of if it's impossible to give them our Loyalty anymore. But the split from them should be done simply and with dignity. We shouldn't indulge in gossiping about their failures and grumbling about the way we were treated by them. We need to realize that being Loyal means that we can't allow ourselves to hang onto grudges about minor personal offenses. Many lives are ruined on the rock of resentment. Failing to be loyal by holding grudges hurts us more than it hurts the person we resent.

Being Thorough

The same principles of Loyalty to people apply to Loyalty in our job or any cause we commit ourselves to. Wholehearted, thorough effort is part of this kind of Loyalty. That means that there will be times when we're seen as unfriendly because we don't throw ourselves into every new cause that comes our way. We can only do what we're able to. Loyalty to the projects we've committed to means that we'll often have to turn down new projects.

Loyalty to Our Principles

We owe a high standard of Loyalty to our principles. We start out by being loyal to the principles we're brought up believing. But as we mature and develop character, we come to have convictions that become a part of who we are. If we're mature, it won't be popular buzzwords that we get from the newspapers or TV or common talk that make up our principles. We'll have convictions that are really ours because we've worked them out with thoughtful effort, and maybe even painful feelings. Only a person who is true to these kinds of convictions is really true to himself.

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But Loyalty is expected even of people who aren't true to themselves. Perhaps the first of these principles is religion. I'm not talking about our faith in God, that's something different. I'm talking about the form of religion in which we express our faith [denomination]. It's a safe rule to not entertain forms and ideas outside of our own religion because we might risk not being able to hold to any kind of religious convictions at all. Instead, we become eager for anything new and we start to crave the excitement of anything different.

The habit of unworthy, petty criticism of church workers or the religious services we're used to will usually result in a habit of unstable religious convictions. Loyalty won't let us take part in petty gossip about our church. It also won't let us run here and there, church-hopping, looking for more exciting services.

Loyalty's Enemies

The demons that work to destroy Loyalty are probably Self-interest, Self-conceit, and Self-importance. Self-interest urges us to look for what's best for ourselves no matter what Loyalties we have to break. Self-conceit keeps us so resentful of trivial offenses that Loyalty is out of the question. Self-importance can't take second place to give priority to anything else, whether small or great, related to our country, our church, or our family. These are the enemies all around us. But Loyalty is within us. It's strong and steadfast. All it needs to make its enemies flee is for us to recognize where our Loyalties lie.

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Chapter 10 - Love's Lords In Waiting: Humility

Pride of Life

The Apostle John lists three things that make men stumble. They are the lust of the flesh that makes people want to satisfy the desires of their human nature, the lust of the eye that causes people to make the delight of beauty their first priority, and the pride of life. The pride of life is probably the worst one because it's so deceitful. People who are raised to understand the principles of self-control and who have been trained to restrain themselves are on guard against the lusts of the flesh. The lust of the eye isn't a fascinating draw for too many people. But who can see pride of life coming? Pride is powerful and can take many forms. Yet Pride is merely the demon-servant to another power that's even stronger than he is.

We're All Born with Humility

We all have humility when we're born. Humility is a gracious and beautiful Lord of the Heart, and strong enough to subdue its enemies. That's why Jesus told the Jews that they couldn't enter the Kingdom of Heaven, where humble souls live, unless they humbled themselves and became like little children. We think that little children

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are innocent and gullible rather than humble. But we can only understand the kind of humility that Jesus was talking about when we examine the humility of children. We only have two examples of humility in the Bible to use as role models: Jesus, because the Bible tells us that He 'humbled Himself,' and little children because Jesus called them humble. An old writer who has thought a lot about this said that, in the same way that there's only one kind of sanctification and one redemption, there is only one kind of humility.

Humility is Often Devalued

No Lord of the Heart is as belittled in our thoughts as humility. We sometimes call cowardice Humility. We say things like, 'I can't handle any kind of pain, I'm just not as strong as you are,' or 'I can't take on this project or that job because I don't have the ability that other people have,' or 'I'm not very smart, it's useless for me to try to take up reading,' or 'I'm not a good enough person to teach Sunday School class,' or 'to be interested in spiritual growth.' And sometimes we call hypocrisy Humility. We might say, 'I wish I was as talented as you,' or 'as good,' or 'as smart,' while secretly taking pride in ourselves because our lack of ability somehow seems to make us special. The person who is most vocal about how humble he is often privately comforting himself with compensations we don't know anything about. And, in his own mind, those compensations make him more special than anyone else.

It's this sort of thing that makes Humility unpopular. People believe that these people are being sincere, but they've deceived even themselves. Everyone agrees that Humility is a Christian trait, but it's a trait that isn't esteemed very highly, and is very rarely asked for. This mistake in perception leaves a door open for pride to walk in

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and take over. In our disdain for humility, we prefer to be proud. We're openly proud of some advantage we've inherited, or we're proud of our prejudices, proud of a temper that rages or holds grudges, proud that we're so easy-going, proud that we're idle or careless or reckless. Even a murderer takes pride in his skill in avoiding suspicion, or killing his victim. 'I'm so glad I've always kept to myself,' said one small London servant who didn't believe in being neighborly. There's hardly any fault or inadequacy or crime that somebody hasn't considered a distinction to be proud of. We can't do much of anything simply. I mean, it isn't easy to do something without being conscious that it's us doing it, and then being proud of ourselves for it.

Humility is the Same as Simplicity

Many people who are reasonable in most respects arrive at the beginning stage of self-worship by constantly thinking of themselves. Their dealings, their dog, their pictures, their opinions, their high calling, their good works, their information, their religious convictions fills their whole mind. And that's not because of the things themselves, but only because it theirs. This pride of life is subtle and so oppressive. It constantly pressures us to exalt ourselves. It ruins our relationships with our friends and makes us hard to get along with because it gives us a tendency to be resentful and demanding. When we recognize it for a moment, we can only cry, 'Oh, what a wretched person I am! Who can save me?' But we don't need to despair, not even when it comes to our hateful pride. He's only an invader and a highjacker. The Lord of the Heart that he's trying to displace is Humility. A true understanding of humility will be as good a weapon as the stone in David's sling against

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the giant Goliath. Thinking badly of ourselves isn't Humility. If we honestly think badly of ourselves, that's cowardice. Maybe Humility is the same as simplicity, which doesn't let us think of ourselves at all, whether badly or pleasingly. That's what makes children so humble. The thought of self never occurs to them. When the thought does occur to them, they become un-childlike and become self-conscious. In the wonderful first lesson we have about the garden of Eden, the Fall happened when Adam and Eve became aware of themselves. And that's how we all fall - we become aware of ourselves

It's good to be humble. Humble people are cheerful and good. They don't go around with a monkey on their back, or looking like they have a dark cloud furrowing their eyebrows. We're all born humble. Humility is within all of us, just waiting for pride to be quiet so that he can speak and people can hear him. What do we have to do to get rid of pride and give control back to Humility?

How Humility Works

First of all, we can't try to be humble. That's insincere. It's a bad kind of pride. We wouldn't want to become like Uriah Heap [in David Copperfield]. That's what happens when we try to be humble. The trick is to not think of ourselves at all. If we think about how inadequate we are, then we're pretending to be like Uriah Heap. There are lots of ways to avoid thinking of ourselves. We can learn about and love birds, flowers, clouds, rocks, and everything else that nature can teach us. Thinking about pictures, books, people, anything outside of us, will help us to escape from the tyrant named Pride who's attacking our heart. One good idea is not to write about, 'you and I.' There are so many interesting things in the world, that it's a waste of time to talk about ourselves. Still,

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it's a good idea to have some familiarity with the way our tiresome selves can be. That's why these chapters were written. It's also a good idea to know that Humility, even though he never thinks of himself, is at home within each of us.

'If what is great in God's eyes
Is what considers itself small,
Then by that rule Humility
Is the greatest grace of all.
It's truly great, but yet it doesn't
Know it's a grace at all.'
 - loosely taken from a poem by Trench

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Chapter 11 - Love's Lords In Waiting: Cheerfulness

'It's a proper thing to be cheerful.'
'A cheerful heart goes all day long.'

There's Enough Cheerfulness in the World for Everyone

In Yorkshire, when their bread doesn't rise and is dense and heavy, they say the bread is 'sad.' It's the same with us. When we're heavy, we're like a 'sad' loaf of bread. we don't rise to greet the sunshine, or to hear the voices of our friends, or to check out interesting sights, or to acknowledge kindness or love or any good thing. When we do rise to these things so that a ray of sunshine creeping in the window brings a smile to our hearts, or we enjoy a bird's song, or a splash of sunlight dappling the dark trunk of a tree, or the light of a child's face - it makes us glad. We don't think of Carlyle as a happy person, but he used to say that nobody who could see a spring day or the face of a child needed to be unhappy. In fact, there's enough joy in the world for all of us. More accurately, there's a fountain of cheerfulness in everybody's heart just waiting to be uncorked. Sometimes adults say that they envy little children when they hear such joy bubbling out of their hearts in laughter in the same way that it bubbles from the

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birds when they sing. But it's not too late, it's just a choked up spring. All it needs is for the rubbish to be cleared away, and joy will bubble up from the weary heart as freely as a child's.

Joy Can Flow Even in Sorrow and Pain

You might wonder how people can be glad when they have to endure sadness, worry, need, or pain. But these aren't the things that stop up our joy. A sad, worried wife of a dying husband, or the mother of a dying child, will often cheer the patient with funny jokes and pranks so that they're surrounded with hearty cheerfulness. It isn't that the wife or mother is pretending to be happy for the sake of the patient. You can't fake gladness. No one is fooled by forced smiles. What happens is that love teaches the wife or mother to uncork the fountain of joy in her own heart for the sake of her beloved, and from her heart come happy words, little jokes, smiles and cheerfulness. Those things are better for sick people than any medicine. Even when we're in pain, it's still possible to be cheerful. We've all been touched by cheerful comments from lips of someone who was suffering. I'll bet that Margaret Roper couldn't help smiling through her tears at the funny quips her father, Sir Thomas More, was making on his way to the scaffold to be hanged. We're often mistaken about joy. We think it's like ice cream or chocolate - wonderful to enjoy when it's there, but not something we should expect every day. But the Apostle Paul said, 'Rejoice always.' That means, 'Be glad all the time.' We laugh from time to time, we smile now and then, but the fountain of joy within us should always be bubbling. It will if we don't hinder it.

Cheerfulness is Contagious

Before we think about the demons of gladness, let's get one thing clear. We can't be glad all alone, and we

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can't be sad and heavy all by ourselves. Our gladness cheers up the people around us in the same way that our gloom depresses them.

A mother in London once wrote to me about how she took her little blond two-year-old daughter out for her first walk. The little girl smiled at the policeman and it brought a smile to his face, she blew a kiss to the ladies in the laundromat and it cheered them, she smiled at the garbage man and went along as if she was a little queen dispensing smiles and happiness. An even better story is told by a religious woman in a big city. She went outside preoccupied and depressed with routine worries and resentful grievances about her neighbors. A small child sitting on the sidewalk looked up at her and smiled. In the warmth of that child's joy, she went happily on with the rest of her day. There's nothing as contagious as cheerfulness, and it's good for all of us to remember that our joy is like a treasure that we own that can meet the needs of those around us. But it's a treasure that we give without even missing it, and without being any poorer for giving it away.

Joy is a Continual Fountain

Each of us has a fountain of joy within himself. It's not an intermittent fountain, but a spring that never stops flowing. There's more than enough for every moment of the longest lifetime, with some to spare. The spring doesn't have to be stopped by sorrow, pain or poverty. In fact, these obstructions often make it flow even brighter and more powerfully. This bright joy isn't our own private property for our personal benefit. It's meant to enrich the people we pass on our errands, the family members we live with, those we work with and have fun with. Why, then, do some people go around with a dark cloud hanging over their head, and depressed worry

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on their brow? Why are some people dragging, pale, dull and weary? How is it that some children can go to a fun party, or a picnic, or a hayride or whatever, and look sullen during all the fun and frolic? How can some youths be taken on a visit here, or travels there, yet the most breathtaking scenic views are obscured in their memories by a dark cloud because they found no joy in them? Why do middle-aged people sometimes go around with sad, unsmiling faces? Why do some people find their old age filled with trials and no joys?

The truth is, sadness or gladness has little to do with our circumstances. We would do well to listen to Marcus Aurelius: 'Don't let your mind dwell on other people's worries. Pick out some of your best circumstances and imagine how much you would wish for them if you didn't have them.'

We're Sad When We Feel Sorry for Ourselves

Of course, we should derive as much pleasure from our good circumstances as we can. But don't think that good circumstances are what make us happy. It's not our circumstances that choke our fountain of joy, it's we ourselves who do that. We lose our joy and feel sad when we indulge in feeling sorry for ourselves. Perhaps someone stepped on our toe, or maybe someone said the wrong thing to us, or somehow offended our sense of our own importance. And that's when the demon of self-pity digs in his trash pile and finds all kinds of reasons, real and imagined, to bring to our mind and choke the flow of our fountain of gladness. Some people feel sorry for themselves at various moments. Some indulge self-pity for days at a time. And some miserable people spend their entire lives nursing a grudge against the bad luck that life has dealt them, or they harbor resentment against their friends.

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Gladness is a Duty

We only need to focus on this for a minute before we realize how wrong and tragic it is not to be joyful. We need to tell ourselves, 'I can, because I must!' Help comes to those who try, and who ask for help. We may have to remind ourselves many times a day, but every time we chase away dark thoughts, it will become easier to be joyful and happy. Cheerfulness is the outward, visible manifestation of joy. You can't have a crabby face and snappish words if your heart is bubbling with gladness. The inward, spiritual manifestation of joy is contentment. You can't be dissatisfied with the little details of your life if your heart is glad. 'Rejoice always, I'll say it again, rejoice!'



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Paraphrased by L. N. Laurio
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